M-28 Sand River Bridge

Information and Findings From Michigan Historic Bridge Inventory

Narrative Description

This medium-span concrete bridge crosses the Sand River between the village of Sand River and the shore of Lake Superior. Carrying Highway M-28 (originally M-94), the gracefully proportioned structure is comprised of a single 56 foot span supported by - and rigidly tied to - concrete abutments on spread footings. The rigid frame span features a shallowly arched profile that springs from the abutments with a 4-foot thickness and crowns to an exceedingly thin, 1'-8'' section at mid-span. Architectural expression for the bridge is provided by the MSHD-standard concrete/steel guardrails and the Moderne horizontal scoring and radiused corners on the abutment sidewalls. The Sand River Bridge is in excellent condition, without major alteration.

Designed by MSHD engineers early in 1939, the Sand River Bridge was, from the start, regarded as a noteworthy structure. "Unique design and a tidal wave combined to make this one of the most interesting bridge projects in Michigan during the past year," stated Michigan Roads and Construction. A contract to build the bridge was awarded on April 12 to the Alpine Excavating Company of St. Ignace. The contractors began work on the substructural excavation soon after, but on June 16 a six-foot-high surge of water from Lake Superior flooded the abutment cofferdams. The MSHD project engineer reported, "contractors' plant and cofferdams are completely inundated and it is a sorry looking site." The Alpine Excavating crew worked for two weeks to repair the damage, resuming construction in early July. The Sand River Bridge was completed later that year. It has carried vehicular traffic since, first as part of M-94 and later, after a route change, M-28. It functions in place now, with the replacement of the original cable guardrail`s at the approaches with Armco as the only alteration of note.

The rigid frame configuration of the Sand River Bridge represented a recent trend in bridge design for MSHD. "The so-called rigid frame design, whose good appearance and economy have recommended it to the Department's engineers, was adopted for two bridge projects during the biennium," MSHD stated in 1940. "One is a concrete bridge carrying M-94 over Sand River northwest of Deerton. The other is a combined steel and concrete structure on US-2 over the Black River near Gilchrist. The highway department began using concrete rigid frame structures for bridges and grade separations in 1935. Developed by Westchester County, New York, in the early 1920s, the concrete rigid frame bridge became especially popular for federal relief projects during the 1930s. Both picturesque and practical, the flat or elliptically arched designs appealed to proponents of highway beautification. In Michigan State Highway Department never made widespread use of concrete rigid frame bridges for its rural highway crossings.

 "Owing to the general unreliable stability of the soil in this state," MSHD officials reported, "very few locations have previously been found where this type of bridge could be built." Most of these locations were at urban grade separations. This bridge in Alger County is the longest of the rural rigid frame spans in Michigan. Carrying a regionally important route, the Sand River Bridge is a Significant, well-preserved example of MSHD design experimentation of the 1930s.